Nanoliposome: An overview of types, preparation, evaluation and application

Abstract

This review article intends to provide an overview of liposomes and nanoliposomes their types, classification and properties, methods of preparation, patented technology for the formulation of nanoliposomes. Characterization and evaluation parameters of nanoliposomes. Also it explains various applications of nanoliposomes in nanotherapy including in food industry, antimicrobial delivery, diagnostics, and cosmetics, improving pharmacological properties, rheumatoid Arthritis, chemotherapy, Alzheimer Disease, gene therapy, and nutraceuticals. Nanoliposomes are a new concept, whether liposomes carry a past of more than five decades.First time Bangham et al were described liposomes in 1961. The word liposome originates from two Greek words, ‘lipo’ means fat and ‘soma’ means body or structure that means a structure in which aqueous compartment(s) are encapsulated into a fatty shroud. Although the concept of liposome was known from five decades ago, current studies claimed the presence of these lipid vesicles in our very first natural meal, i.e., breast milk. Nanoliposomes were described by Mozafari and Mortazavi in 2005. Nanoliposome is a nano carrier having one or more semi core lipids formed by water and lipid sources present between two lipid layers.Nanoliposomes are the vesicles containing concentric bilayers of phospholipids with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. Hydrophilic drugs are entrapped in the aqueous section and hydrophobic and amphiphilic drugs are found position in concentric bilayer of phospholipids. Drugs encapsulated in these systems may be distributed to the targeted site, provided that the stability of bonded carrier molecules with the drug during the passage from the administration site to the targeted site. This advantage, together with biocompatibility and biodegradability, make nanoliposomes very fascinating as “smart” drug delivery vehicles.