A review on Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) and its therapeutic application

Abstract

Dactylorhiza hatagirea, commonly known as "Salam Panja" or "Marsh Orchid," is a critically endangered medicinal plant native to the Himalayan region. Renowned for its diverse therapeutic properties, the plant has been a cornerstone of traditional medicine systems, including Ayurveda and Tibetan medicine. The rhizomes of Dactylorhiza hatagirea are rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids, which contribute to its pharmacological potential. This review explores its applications in wound healing, anti-inflammatory activity, immune modulation, and as an aphrodisiac. Studies indicate that its mucilaginous content supports tissue repair and provides a protective barrier against infections, making it highly effective in wound management. Additionally, its antioxidant properties aid in reducing oxidative stress, a critical factor in chronic diseases.

However, due to overexploitation and habitat destruction, the plant faces a severe threat of extinction, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts and sustainable harvesting practices. Further research is necessary to fully understand the molecular mechanisms of its therapeutic effects and to develop standardized formulations for clinical use.