A Review on Proniosomal Gel: Potential Carrier System in Transdermal Delivery for Non- Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID)

Abstract

Many novel approaches bring revolutionary changes to covering various routes of administration, to achieve either controlled or targeted delivery. Proniosomes are based on dry formulation of water soluble carriers that are coated with surfactant. It forms niosomal dispersion immediately during the rehydration to before use on agitation in hot aqueous media within minutes. Proniosomes are physically stable during the storage and transport. Drug encapsulated in the vesicular structure of proniosomes prolong the existence of drug in the systematic circulation and enhances the penetration into target tissue and reduce toxicity. Due to the limited amount of water present, these systems behave as viscous phases. The various phases of liquid crystalline structures can be utilized as such for topical/transdermal applications or can be used after further hydration to form niosomes. An introduction to the skin structure along with the conversion of proniosomal gel to niosomes is also explained. Proniosomes, hydrated by agitation in hot water for a short period of time, have been proposed for a number of potential therapeutic applications e.g. as carriers of anti-inflammatory drugs. The focus of this review is to bring out different aspects related to proniosomes merits, types, preparation, characterization, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release, in-vitro permeation studies, stability studies and applications.