In Vivo Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Quinoxaline Derivatives Using Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Edema Model

Abstract

Paw swelling induced by carrageenan injection serves as a reliable model for assessing acute inflammatory responses in rats. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated a series of quinoxaline derivatives for their anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema method. The compounds 5a, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5l, 5q, and 5u were selected based on their inhibitory activity against p38α MAP kinase. Among these, compound 5f, which possesses a 2-chlorophenyl group at position 4 of the triazole ring, demonstrated the highest inhibition of paw edema, with an 84.15% reduction, comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium (83.22%). The structure-activity relationship revealed that the presence of a chloro group at the 6th position of the quinoxaline ring led to reduced anti-inflammatory activity. This study highlights the potential of quinoxaline derivatives as effective anti-inflammatory agents.