A review on microspheres as drug delivery carriers for management of diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease of polygenic basis and involves both defective insulin secretion and peripheral insulin resistance. Although the availability of new agents for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, oral hypoglycemic are base of therapy, because they are relatively economical and well tolerated. Aim of designing controlled drug delivery system, is to ensure the safety and to improve efficiency of drug as well as patient compliance. This is achieved by better control over plasma drug level. A well designed controlled drug delivery system can overcome some of the inconvenience of conventional therapy and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. Controlled drug delivery occurs when a polymer, whether natural or synthetic, is prudently combined with a drug or other active agent in such a manner that the active agent is released from the material in a predesigned mode. Microspheres form an essential part of novel drug delivery systems. Microspheres are usually free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers which are biodegradable in nature and preferably having a particle size less than 200 μm. Microspheres reduce the dosing frequency and improve patient compliance by designing and evaluating Sustained Release microspheres for effective control of diabetes. A controlled release system designed to increase its residence time in the stomach with contact with the mucosa. Microsphere carrier systems made by using various polymers and prepared by different techniques. The objective of the present review is to compile the various polymer loaded microspheres of oral hypoglycemic for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.