A review of the use of sewage water in crop production and how it affects the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soil

Abstract

As freshwater for irrigation becomes less available, creative solutions are required to address this pressing problem. This study compares fresh and sewage water, acknowledging the enormous amount of wastewater produced every day as a result of the fast industrialization and population growth. India's sewage water situation now poses a significant problem, underscoring the need for proactive management techniques going forward. The project looks at ways to use sewage water for farming in an effort to increase output. While recognizing the importance of waste water management on a global scale. Irrigating with sewage water can improve soil fertility and chemistry, but it may also increase electrical conductivity usually within reasonable bounds to reduce the risk of soil salinity. Nevertheless, sewage water usually includes high levels of heavy metals, including lead, nickel, cadmium, and chromium, which could be harmful to plant and soil health if they exceed safety limits. The accumulation of these dangerous metals may be made worse by ongoing sewage water use, endangering soil quality. as well as human health. Sewage water, however, becomes an essential resource during times of water scarcity that are critical for crop growth, potentially saving agricultural productivity. Sewage farming appears to be a viable strategy in this regard to reduce the need for fresh water while tackling the problems with wastewater. Using sewage water for irrigation has the potential to significantly reduce the spread of wastewater, highlighting its value as a long-term option to meet agricultural water needs.