A Review on nanoparticles, their preparation and applications

Abstract

The aim of pharmaceutical nanotechnology is to deliver the drug in the
form of nanoparticles by enhancing their therapeutic potential.
Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging size 10 to 1000
nanometer, nanoparticle possess a matrix structure which incorporate
pharmacological active substances & facilitate control release of active
agent. While the nano capsule contains an oily core incorporating drug
surrounded by membrane structure. Nanoparticals use to successfully
deliver the verity of drug protein, peptide & genes to cell both as nontargeted & targeted form. Drug can coupled in monomers that are
specific for cell & organs. This strategies use to concentrate drug in
selected targeted tissues thus minimizing side effect & toxicity.
Nanoparticles are prepared from either synthetic or natural macro molecules using two distinct techniques
that is bottom up& top down technology. The bottom up technology adopts method to aggregate molecule
into particle of nano range, while top-down adapt to breaking down macro molecules into nano range.
Nano-tubes are used to deliver drug into targeted tissue cell & organs meanly use Carbon nanotube
membrane. DNA nanotube, pharmaceutical nanoparticle are those where the drug is dissolved entrapped
encapsulated or adsorbed on surface.