International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences (IJPLS) ISSN: 0976-7126 Publisher: Sakun Publishing House The International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences (IJPLS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to the dissemination of cutting-edge research in the fields of pharmacy, life sciences, and allied disciplines. The journal aims to provide a platform for the global scientific community to share innovative research, clinical studies, and technological advancements that contribute to the understanding and improvement of human health and well-being. Scope and Focus IJPLS covers a wide range of topics within the pharmaceutical and life sciences fields, including but not limited to: Pharmaceutical Sciences: Drug discovery, formulation development, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, toxicology, and pharmaceutical technology. Medicinal Chemistry: Molecular pharmacology, drug design, and bioinformatics. Clinical Pharmacy: Drug therapy management, clinical trials, patient safety, and therapeutic outcomes. Biotechnology: Applications of biotechnology in pharmaceuticals, drug production, and health solutions. Pharmacogenomics: Genetic factors in drug response, personalized medicine, and genomics. Pharmacovigilance: Adverse drug reactions, drug safety, and regulatory affairs. Life Sciences and Biotechnology: Molecular biology, biotechnology applications, and biopharmaceuticals. Public Health: Health policy, epidemiology, disease prevention, and public health initiatives. The journal welcomes original research articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, and letters to the editor that contribute to advancing knowledge in these areas. Mission and Vision Our mission is to foster the exchange of high-quality scientific knowledge in pharmacy and life sciences, and to promote collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and policymakers globally. We aim to: Advance Scientific Discovery: Publish original and groundbreaking research that drives advancements in pharmacy, life sciences, and health-related disciplines. Support Innovation and Education: Provide a forum for innovative solutions in pharmaceutical sciences and life sciences, while promoting education and awareness on emerging trends and technologies. Enhance Patient Care: Publish research that directly impacts patient care, pharmaceutical practice, and health outcomes. Global Collaboration: Foster a global platform for scientists and healthcare professionals to collaborate, share knowledge, and solve global health challenges. Editorial Standards and Peer Review IJPLS follows a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure that only high-quality, original research is published. All manuscripts are thoroughly reviewed by experts in the relevant fields before they are accepted for publication. Our editorial board comprises respected professionals and thought leaders from academia, industry, and clinical practice who ensure the integrity and scientific quality of each published article. Open Access Policy IJPLS is an open-access journal, meaning that all articles are freely available to researchers, clinicians, and the public worldwide. Our open-access policy ensures that valuable scientific knowledge is accessible to all, promoting wider dissemination and greater impact of the research. Ethics and Integrity The journal adheres to the highest ethical standards in the publication of scientific research. We are committed to promoting transparency, integrity, and honesty in the scientific community. We encourage authors to follow ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects and animals, and we uphold policies to prevent plagiarism, duplicate publication, and data fabrication. Why Publish with IJPLS? Global Visibility: As an open-access journal, IJPLS ensures that your research reaches a wide audience, increasing the impact and visibility of your work. Rigorous Peer Review: Every submitted manuscript undergoes a thorough peer review process by experts in the field to ensure the quality and reliability of the published research. Wide Coverage: We cover a broad spectrum of topics in pharmacy and life sciences, ensuring that researchers in a wide range of disciplines have a platform to share their findings. Professional Recognition: Publishing with IJPLS enhances your academic reputation and provides a professional recognition within the scientific community. Frequency and Access IJPLS is published Monthly, and all articles are freely available online upon publication. Authors and readers can access the journal’s content through the official website, ensuring global access to high-quality research. Publisher Information The International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences is published by Sakun Publishing House, a leading publisher in the field of scientific research, committed to the advancement of knowledge in pharmacy, life sciences, and related disciplines.
Emerging Molecular Targets for Bioactive Molecules in Contraception and Gynecological Disorders: Pharmacological and Translational Perspective
Contraception and gynecological disorders are major areas of unmet therapeutic need in reproductive medicine. Although hormonal contraceptives and conventional pharmacological treatments have improved reproductive health significantly, due to adverse effects, contraindications, adherence, recurrence and effects on fertility, it has been necessary to search for more targeted molecular treatments. Recent research in reproductive biology has identified molecular targets in gamete interaction, sperm motility, steroidogenesis, ovulation, endometrial receptivity, inflammation, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, apoptosis and metabolic regulation. In contraception, sperm-specific proteins and ion channels such as epididymal protease inhibitor (EPPIN), calcium channel of sperm (CatSper), soluble adenylyl cyclase, sperm-specific sodium/hydrogen exchanger and retinoic acid receptor alpha are emerging as promising targets for non-hormonal approaches. These pathways will allow for new bioactive molecules to be developed which have higher specificity and less systemic toxicity. At the female gamete level, zona pellucida protein 2 (ZP2) is one of the new targets for preventing sperm-oocyte interactions. In gynecology, estrogen and progesterone receptors, cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin pathways, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, AMPK, TGF-β/SMAD, Wnt/β-catenin, VEGF and oxidative stress pathways are emerging as pharmacologically relevant targets. Natural bioactive molecules such as curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, ginsenosides, flavonoids and various others can interact with many of these pathways simultaneously. Most of the evidence is still preclinical and there are still challenges in terms of bioavailability, target selectivity, pharmacokinetics, reproductive safety, standardization and clinical validation. This review discusses emerging molecular targets for bioactive molecules in contraception and major gynecological disorders and is focused on molecular mechanisms, pharmacological opportunities and translational challenges. Multi-omics, molecular docking, artificial intelligence, targeted drug delivery and biomarker-based clinical development may enable the transition of promising bioactive molecules from experimental observations to clinically useful reproductive therapeutics.
Bioactive molecules; contraception; molecular targets; reproductive health; endometriosis; polycystic ovary syndrome; uterine fibroids; phytochemicals; non-hormonal contraception; translational pharmacology.
Herbal Approaches to Arthritis: A Detailed Review on the Medicinal Potential of Dichanthium annulatum, Pithecellobium dulce Bergenia ciliata, and Ludwigia adscendens
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, progressive joint destruction, and significant disability. Although substantial advances have been achieved with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, biologics, and targeted synthetic therapies, their long-term use is often limited by adverse effects, high costs, and variable patient responses. Medicinal plants constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyphenols, which exhibit potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. Emerging evidence suggests that plant-derived compounds can modulate key molecular pathways involved in RA pathogenesis, such as cytokine signaling, oxidative stress, and immune cell activation. This review summarizes the current understanding of RA pathophysiology, highlights emerging therapeutic targets, and critically examines the role of plant-based interventions in RA management, with particular emphasis on selected medicinal plants including Dichanthium annulatum, Pithecellobium dulce and Bergenia ciliata. The integration of traditional medicinal knowledge with modern pharmacological research may support the development of safer, multi-targeted, and cost-effective therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis, Medicinal plants, Dichanthium annulatum, Bergenia ciliata, Pithecellobium dulce
Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Trends and Innovations
A controlled drug delivery system administers medication locally or systemically at a predetermined pace and for a specified duration, ensuring that oral medications are continuously delivered throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) at known, repeatable kinetics. By utilizing drug-encapsulating devices, these advanced systems enable the regulated release of therapeutic agents over extended periods ranging from days to months. Consequently, this approach offers numerous significant advantages over conventional drug administration techniques, including the ability to precisely customize drug release rates, safeguard chemically delicate medications from premature degradation, and substantially improve overall patient comfort and compliance.
Controlled drug delivery System (CDDS), Novel drug delivery System (NDDS), Polymers, Phytosomes, Liposomes, Nanoparticles, Niosomes, Nanoemulsions, Bioavailability.
Kulpesh Kumar Dubey, Ankita Dubey*, G. N. Darwhekar
A Review on Terminalia arjuna: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potential
Since ancient time, Terminalia arjuna is has been used for to help with heart problems and other health issues. preview study looks at how Terminalia arjuna can help with things like cholesterol and other metabolic problems. Terminalia arjuna has things in it like flavonoids, tannins and triterpenoids that're good for you. These things can help lower cholesterol and raise good cholesterol. They can also help stop stress and inflammation. The bark of the plant is rich in things like flavonoids and phenolic compounds. This means Terminalia arjuna might be a natural way to help with heart health and other problems. This makes it a good natural remedy for heart and metabolic problems. More research is being done on Terminalia arjuna. This includes using nanotechnology to make medicines. The results are. Show that Terminalia arjuna can be used in new and exciting ways.
Dyslipidemia, , Flavonoids, Tannins, Triterpenoids, Lipoprotein
Shubham Chilore*, Shantilal Singune, Gourav Goyanar, Shraddha Pawar
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. (Parijat): A Review of Its Botanical Characteristics, Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Significance
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, a staple in traditional Indian medicine, is a plant of considerable renown. Its blossoms, a source of delightful fragrance, unfurl under the cover of darkness. The leaves, flowers, and seeds of this plant harbor a wealth of bioactive compounds. Flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides are among them, and these constituents are responsible for the plant's anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antimicrobial properties. Consequently, the plant finds application in the treatment of fevers, arthritis, coughs, and various digestive ailments .Recent studies show that N. arbor-tristis has potential for use in modern herbal formulations and therapeutic research. The present review includes comprehensive information on the chemical constituents, biological activities of important compounds, pharmacological actions, medicinal applications and micro propagation of Night jasmine and emphasizes the need for further exploring available information. According to data from WHO nearly 80% of the total patients using medicine choose traditional medicine. These medicines are used during the pandemic of COVID-19 with great importance due to their immune system boosting potential.
Medicinal Plant, Traditional Medicine, Bioactive Compounds, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Glycosides
Garvita Soni*, Shantilal Singune, Gourav Goyanar, Shraddha Pawar
Investigation of Pollination values of Nigella sativa Linn.
Pollination is a essential forerunner of seed production and the mean by favorable adaptation can spread through a pollination. It will result in the profuction and formation on fruits in angiospermic plant. The present papers deals with the investigation of pollination value of Nigella sativa.
Conventional liquid formulation for drug delivery shows low bioavailability because of rapid gastric emptying time from stomach/ duodenum or rapid precorneal drug loss from eye etc. Hence to improve the bioavailability of drug, In situ forming polymeric drug delivery system could be a better option. Intially they are in sol form before administered in the body, but once administered; undergo gelation in situ to form a gel. The controlled release of drug molecules via In situ forming system has a number of advantages, such as ease of administration, less complicated fabrication, less stressful manufacturing condition for sensitive drug molecules. The constant drug release may be achieved via various polymers (gellan gum, alginates, pectin, xyloglucans, PEO-PPO-PEO, poly (acrylic acid), poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide), chitosan) obeys Fick’s law of diffusion which can be better explained by “egg box model”. The possible mechanism from which above polymers forms In situ gel are: solvent exchange, UV- irradiation, pH change, osmotic pressure change, ionic cross linkage and temperature changes. These polymeric formulations possibly are administered by oral, rectal, ocular, vaginal, injectable and intraperitoneal routes. This article deals with the detail review of polymeric systems, their evaluation, biomedical applications, mechanism of polymer gelation, factor affecting polymers gelation, commercial formulation and their limitations.
In situ gel, Polymer gelation, Gellan gum
Savita Dhir*, Kasim Ali Saffi, Neha Kamalpuria, Dinesh Mishra
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC method for Simultaneous Estimation of Cefexime and Linezolid
This work is concerned with application of simple, accurate, precise and highly selective reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of cefexime and linezolid in combined dosage form. Chromatographi separation was achieved by using a reverse phase C18 coloum (Hypersil BDS 250X 4.6X5µm). The mobile phase composed methanol: potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer in ratio 40:60 at flow rate of 1ml/min .The pH was adjusted to 3.5 with TEA. Detection was carried out using a UV-vis detector at 277 nm. The mean retention time of cefexime and linezolid was found to be 3.76 min 6.55 min respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 5 - 15 µg /ml and 15 -45 µg /ml for cefexime and linezolid respectively, with mean recovery of 99.81-100.14 % cefexime and 99.99-100.47 % for linezolid the correlation coefficient for both cefexime and linezolid were closed to one. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and values of accuracy ,precision and other statistical analysis were found to be in good accordance with the prescribe values thus proposed method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of cefexime and linezolid in routine analysis of formulation.
Alka Verma, D.S.Rathor, G.VidyaSagar, Bhupesh K.Verma
Check list of Fish Diversity of Rani pond, Ratanpur CG
The present work was carried out to study of the fish diversity in Rani pond, Ratanpur Bilaspur. In present study were observed 24 species and 14 genera has been identified which are belonging to 07 orders of 08 families namely Notopteridae, Cyprinidae, Siluridae, Bagridae, Saccobranchidae Clariidae, Channidae and Mastacembelidae. Present study revealed that Cyprinidae (carps) were the dominant fish and Catla was a major contributor among carps. The following species of fishes i.e. Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo calbasu, Mystus and Cirrhinus reba etc. were noted as dominated fishes in Rani pond of Ratanpur, Bilaspur. It was observed that the following genera having single species Catla, Chitala, Clarias, Cyprinus, Heteropneustes, Notopterus and Wallago, 3 species of each genus Channa, Labeo and Puntius and 2 species of each genus Cirrhinus, Mastacembelus, Mystus, Ompok were reported from study sites. The aim of the present study reported on fish diversity in Rani pond, Ratanpur, Bilaspur.
Nigella sativa: A magic herb of pivotal importance
Medicinal plants have been used for curing diseases for many centuries in different indigenous systems of medicine as well as folk medicines. Moreover, medicinal plants are also used in the preparation of herbal medicines as they are considered to be safe as compared to modern allopathic medicines. Many researchers are focusing on medicinal plants since only a few plant species have been thoroughly investigated for their medicinal properties, potential, mechanism of action, safety evaluation and toxicological studies. Nigella sativa (nigella or kalonji), is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae. The herb is widely used in the treatment of various disease of human ailment. The present paper deals with the medicinal attributes of the herb.
Microneedle Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Fungal Infection: A Review
Fungal infections represent a significant global health burden, affecting millions of individuals annually and contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Conventional antifungal therapies, including topical and systemic formulations, often suffer from limitations such as poor skin penetration, systemic toxicity, and drug resistance. The emergence of microneedle (MN)-based drug delivery systems has revolutionized transdermal and intradermal therapeutic approaches by enabling minimally invasive, targeted, and controlled drug delivery. Microneedles bypass the stratum corneum barrier, enhancing drug permeation into deeper skin layers where fungal pathogens often reside. Various types of microneedles—including solid, coated, dissolving, hollow, and hydrogel-forming—have been developed to optimize antifungal drug delivery. Recent advancements include electrically driven microneedles, 3D-printed systems, and bioactive microneedles incorporating antimicrobial agents or live bacteria. These innovations demonstrate improved therapeutic efficacy, reduced systemic side effects, and enhanced patient compliance. This review comprehensively discusses the pathophysiology of fungal infections, limitations of conventional treatments, principles of microneedle technology, classification, mechanisms of drug delivery, and recent advancements in antifungal therapy. Additionally, challenges related to manufacturing, scalability, regulatory approval, and clinical translation are highlighted. The review concludes with future perspectives on integrating smart technologies and personalized medicine approaches in microneedle-based antifungal therapy. Key-Words: Microneedle, Funga infection, Drug delivery
Polyherbal Formulation for Women's Reproductive Disorders
Women's reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, menstrual irregularity, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and gonorrhea represent a significant global health burden. Conventional pharmacological treatments, though effective, are often associated with adverse effects, high costs, and long-term complications. Herbal medicine, particularly the Ayurvedic system, offers a safer and more holistic alternative. This review explores the therapeutic potential of five medicinal plants — Saraca asoca (Ashoka), Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari), Symplocos racemosa (Lodhra), Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi), and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon) — in managing women's reproductive disorders. Their key phytochemicals, reported pharmacological activities, and rationale for use in a polyherbal combination are discussed. The review also highlights existing marketed Ayurvedic formulations and concludes that this combination holds strong potential as a cost-effective, evidence-based therapeutic option, warranting further clinical investigation.
Polyherbal formulation, Women's reproductive disorders, Ayurveda, Saraca asoca, Asparagus racemosus, Phytochemicals, Uterine tonic, PCOS
Amit Singh Sengar, Suman Gehlot, Satyaendra Shrivastava
Formulation and Evaluation of Digestion Enhancer Soft Gel Lozenges
Digestive disorders such as dyspepsia, bloating, flatulence and indigestion account for a huge global health burden with millions of individuals suffering from them leading to decrease in quality of life. This study reports the design and characterization of soft gel lozenges incorporating bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) extract as the active pharmaceutical ingredient, integrated with fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare) and cardamom oil (Elettaria cardamomum) as a synergistic combination. Excipients used with these active components include gulkand (rose petal preserve), rose water, gelatine. Soft gel lozenges represent a novel and patient-friendly delivery system for herbal actives, offering advantages such as ease of administration, pleasant organoleptic properties, and enhanced mucosal absorption. The formulations were characterized for physicochemical parameters including weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and in vitro drug release. The optimized formulation exhibited acceptable organoleptic properties, satisfactory stability, and effective digestive activity. These results support the potential of this herbal lozenge as a safe, effective, and palatable alternative for managing common digestive ailments.
Soft gel lozenges, herbal formulation, digestive disorders, carminative, patient compliance
Vishal Makwana, Ashutosh Nagar, Pritesh Paliwal, Nimita Manocha
Pharmaceutical Properties of the Processed Lentinus Tuber Regium Powder and its Impact on Pharmaceutical Solid Dosage Forms
Excipients are crucial in tablet formulation, influencing stability, manufacturability, and bioavailability. Synthetic superdisintegrants are widely used but limited by cost and availability in developing countries. Lentinus tuber regium (LT), a natural fungal sclerotium, offers a potential alternative, but its native form lacks optimal properties. This study explored processed LT powder as a superdisintegrant in paracetamol tablets. To evaluate the pharmaceutical properties of processed LT powder and its impact on tablet performance compared to native LT. LT was processed by boiling (BLT) or soaking in palm wine (SPLT). Physicochemical tests (density, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, angle of repose, moisture content, swelling index) were conducted. Compatibility was assessed via FTIR, morphology via SEM. Paracetamol tablets were formulated and evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration, and dissolution. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and t-tests (p < 0.05). Processed LT showed superior properties: lower bulk density (0.32–0.35 g/mL vs. 0.45 g/mL for NLT), Carr's index (18.6–19.2% vs. 22.4%), and angle of repose (32–34° vs. 38.5°; ANOVA F = 15.67, p < 0.001). FTIR confirmed compatibility (r = 0.92–0.95, p < 0.001); SEM revealed uniform granules. Tablets had optimal hardness (5–6 kg), friability (<0.5%), disintegration (<2 min external, <5 min internal), and dissolution (>90% in 30 min; ANOVA F = 13.56, p < 0.001). Processed LT excels as a natural superdisintegrant, enhancing tablet performance. It offers a sustainable, cost-effective alternative for Nigeria's pharmaceutical industry, warranting further scalability studies.
Lentinus tuber regium, superdisintegrant, physicochemical properties, tablet formulation, dissolution.
Bioequivalence Assessment of Five Brands of Antimalarial Drugs Marketed in Rivers State Using Statistical Tool
Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa, with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Ensuring bioequivalence among generic AL brands is crucial for therapeutic interchangeability and effective malaria control. This study evaluated the bioequivalence of four generic antimalarial brands (Drugs A, B, C, D) against a standard AL formulation using clinical recovery time as the primary endpoint in 80 malaria patients. An Indirect Assay Design (IAD) was employed, administering five antimalarial drug brands randomly to malaria patients. The primary outcome was time to clinical recovery (in hours) following completion of treatment. Bioequivalence was assessed using ANOVA and Logistic 4-parameter equivalence tests in JMP software version 17. Equivalence was declared when 90% confidence intervals for key parameters (growth rate, inflection point, lower/upper asymptotes) fell within predefined decision limits. Parameter estimates revealed Drug A was bioequivalent to Drug C shown in parameter estimate: -4.33; SE: 2.102; tRatio: -2.06; p=0.042). Equivalence testing confirmed Drugs A and C had comparable potency profiles: growth rate ratio (2.4:0.15), inflection point (1.3:0.65), lower asymptote (1.2:0.75), and upper asymptote (1.1:0.85). Drugs B and D failed equivalence criteria, indicating potential formulation differences affecting clinical efficacy. Drugs A demonstrated statistical bioequivalence to Drug C based on recovery time analysis, ANOVA and Logistic 4-parameter equivalence tests. These findings support their therapeutic interchangeability for uncomplicated malaria treatment. Drugs B and D require further quality assessment. This study validates the use of clinical recovery time as a practical bioequivalence endpoint in resource-limited settings where pharmacokinetic studies are challenging.
Bioequivalence, Malaria treatment, Equivalence testing, Recovery time, Indirect Assay Design.
Ucheokoro, Adaeze S., Ogoke, Uchenna P. , Abali, Sunday O.
Learning Management Systems as Tools for Ensuring Academic Integrity and Quality Assurance Compliance
The accelerated digital transformation of higher education has placed Learning Management Systems (LMS) at the core of academic delivery, governance, and institutional accountability. LMS platforms have developed into essential vehicles not only to enable education and learning but also to establish systems to safeguard academic integrity as well as national and international quality assurance standards. It covers the role which LMS is playing in the promotion of transparency, prevention of academic misconduct, data integrity, accreditation, and compliance/regulatory reporting. This paper integrates modern LMS platforms with existing literature on digital integrity, including plagiarism detection, secure assessment mechanisms, proctoring technology, audit trails, analytics dashboards, and compliance monitoring. It also investigates how LMS promotes conformity for accreditation agencies and QA firms by helping with documentation, outcome mapping, assessment tracking, and the process of continuous quality improvement. Data privacy, cybersecurity, algorithmic bias, resistance from faculty, and ethical issues are discussed as difficulties to be solved. Emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, blockchain-driven credentialing, and learning analytics, are reviewed as potential future enablers of integrity-led digital governance. This review shows how the LMS have transformed from teaching devices into institutional compliance ecosystems that can increase accountability, transparency, and enhance the quality of the higher education institutions. To achieve optimal regulatory and ethical outcomes as they arise, policy alignment, strategic implementation, and faculty training are required.
Learning Management System, Academic Integrity, Quality Assurance
Studies of Microbiological Analysis and Identification of Microorganisms in High TDS and Low TDS Waste Water of CETP Naroda
Industrial wastewater from chemical industries contains a wide range of pollutants and microorganisms which can have adverse effects on the environment and public health. This study investigates the microbial and physicochemical characteristics of wastewater collected from different treatment stages of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP), Naroda, Ahmedabad. Parameters like pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chloride and Ammoniacal Nitrogen were analysed using standard methods. The presence of microorganisms in the raw wastewater sample despite the TDS concentration (25,000 to 15000ppm) indicates that they can decompose organic matter present in the polluted water and their identification was analysed using various agar media. Microbiological analysis was performed using culture-based techniques on selective and differential media including Nutrient Agar, McConkie Agar, EMB Agar, XLD Agar, PDA, Rose Bengal Agar, Robertson’s Cooked Meat Medium and high-TDS media. The results revealed heterotrophic bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus species, indicator organisms such as Escherichia coli, pathogenic Salmonella species, halophilic bacterial and fungal isolates mainly belonging to Mucor species. These findings shed light on the microbial diversity of wastewater entering CETP.
Waste Water, Microorganisms, Pathogenic Bacteria, Selective and Differential media.
Nancy Kothari, Patel Aditi, Parmar Zarna, Chauhan Vaibhavi1, Satish S. Patel
Microbiological Study of Solid Waste from CETP Naroda
In this study, solid waste samples were collected from the Common Effluent Treatment Plant Naroda Enviro Projects Limited (NEPL-CETP) located at Naroda. Ahmedabad GIDC and microbial studies were conducted to determine the presence of bacterial and fungal communities. This is a wastewater plant where solid waste is separated into primary and secondary by biological methods. The samples were analysed. Solid waste is managed safely and scientifically as per the norms of Gujarat Pollution Control Board.
Wastewater; Solid waste; Microorganisms; NEPL
Arpita Verma, Hemangini Mayekar, Nivedita Yadav, Bhoomika Khant, Satish S. Patel
An Imperical study of Flavonoid Fraction of Juglans regia in Diabetic rats for their Wound Healing Activity
The present work is deals with study of the wound healing activity of Flavonoid Fraction of Juglans regia Linn. (FFJR) in Diabetic Rats. From the fruits, the flavonoid fraction was prepared and flavonoid and phenolic compounds were determined. The diabetes was induced by the single administration of Streptozotocin in citrate buffer. The wound healing activity of flavonoid fraction was determined by Dead space, Incision and Excision wound models. During the experimental period the fasting blood glucose level in diabetic animals were higher than those of normal animals. However, the fasting blood glucose level was significantly reduced in treatment groups. Topical application of flavonoid fraction, ointment base and Povidone iodine on dorsal inter scapular region causes significant and faster rate of wound closure and reduced epithelialization period. In incision wound model, there is a significant increase in skin tensile strength by 10% w/w and 20% w/w ointment of FFJR compared to control. The hydroxyproline content was increased significantly in dose dependent manner by 20% FFJR. FFJR significantly decreased the epithelialization period, hence have significant effect on the proliferative phase of wound healing in diabetic rats.
Mahavir Chhajed, Reena Jain Lodha, Atika Jain Chhajed, Abhimanyu Singh Rathore, Amit Bukkawar, Sandeep Wathore, Pallavi Patil,Pooja Sinha
Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) and Laboratory Automation: Enhancing Data Integrity and Regulatory Compliance
Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) and laboratory automation are the foundational technologies in contemporary analytical, clinical, and pharmaceutical laboratories. These digital platforms create the smoothest workflow, optimize data management, comply with regulations, and reduce both human error and operational disruptions. The current publication is a review of the evolution, main functions, and advantages of LIMS and Laboratory Automation focused on the ways in which they strengthen data integrity, traceability, and meeting regulatory requirements, including GLP, GMP, ISO, and FDA 21 CFR Part 11. It also emphasizes the integration with advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and the challenges and forward-looking orientation for the transformations of the digital lab ecosystem. As a paper, this article reflects the need for laboratories to embrace integrated LIMS and automation frameworks in the digital transformation to stay competitive, compliant, and efficient in the era of digital transformation
LIMS, Laboratory Automation, Data Integrity
An Integrative Review of Herbal and Complementary Therapies in the Management of Vaginal Infections
Vaginal infections represent one of the most prevalent gynecological conditions affecting women across all age groups, with vulvovaginal candidiasis being the most frequently reported fungal etiology. Candida albicans, a commensal organism of the vaginal microbiota, may become pathogenic under conditions such as immune suppression, hormonal imbalance, antibiotic overuse, and lifestyle factors, leading to recurrent and persistent infections. Although conventional antifungal and antibacterial therapies remain the cornerstone of treatment, their repeated use is often associated with adverse effects, resistance development, and high recurrence rates. Consequently, interest has grown in herbal and complementary therapeutic approaches that offer multi-targeted, safer, and culturally accepted alternatives. Traditional systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, Unani, and ethnomedicine, describe numerous botanicals with antifungal, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and probiotic-supporting properties. This review critically examines the etiology and classification of vaginal infections, limitations of conventional therapy, ethnopharmacological evidence, experimental and clinical studies on herbal interventions, and lifestyle-based supportive measures for vaginal health. Emphasis is placed on herbal formulations, single-plant remedies, and integrative strategies that promote vaginal comfort, microbial balance, and long-term wellness.
Vaginal infection, Vaginitis, Candida albicans, Herbal medicine, Ethnopharmacology
Microbial Resistance: A Comprehensive Review on the Emerging Role of Bionanomaterials
Microbial resistance to conventional antimicrobial agents has emerged as one of the most critical global health challenges of the 21st century. The rapid evolution of resistant bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic strains has significantly reduced the effectiveness of existing antibiotics, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide. Factors such as the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, poor infection control practices, and limited development of new antimicrobial agents have accelerated this crisis. In this context, bionanomaterials have gained considerable attention as innovative and promising alternatives to traditional antimicrobial therapies. Bionanomaterials, derived from biological sources or synthesized using green chemistry approaches, exhibit unique physicochemical properties such as nanoscale size, large surface area, enhanced bioavailability, and multifunctional mechanisms of action. These materials can effectively combat microbial resistance through mechanisms including membrane disruption, reactive oxygen species generation, inhibition of biofilm formation, and targeted drug delivery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of microbial resistance, its underlying mechanisms, and the limitations of current antimicrobial strategies. Furthermore, it critically discusses the role of bionanomaterials—including metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-based nanocarriers, and phytochemical-loaded nanostructures—in overcoming antimicrobial resistance. Recent advances, challenges, safety concerns, and future perspectives of bionanomaterial-based antimicrobial strategies are also highlighted. The review emphasizes the potential of bionanomaterials as next-generation therapeutics to address the growing threat of microbial resistance.
Microbial resistance, antimicrobial resistance, bionanomaterials, nanoparticles,
AI-Driven Discovery of Novel Polymers: A Comprehensive Review
The discovery and optimization of polymeric materials have traditionally relied on experiment-driven, trial-and-error workflows that are time-consuming and resource intensive. Artificial intelligence (AI) — particularly machine learning (ML), graph neural networks (GNNs), generative models, and active learning — is transforming polymer science by enabling rapid property prediction, inverse design, and closed-loop experimental optimization. This review surveys recent advances (2018–2025) in data resources, polymer representations, predictive and generative AI models, optimization strategies (including Bayesian optimization and active learning), and automated/self-driving laboratories. We highlight landmark platforms (Polymer Genome, Open Macromolecular Genome), methodological progress (multitask GNNs, chemical language models such as polyBERT, and benchmarks for deep generative models), and successful demonstrations of AI-assisted polymer discovery in energy, electronics, healthcare, and sustainable plastics. Key challenges remain: scarcity and heterogeneity of polymer data, difficulty representing polymer ensembles and architectures, synthetic feasibility of generated candidates, model interpretability, and integration with experimental workflows. We discuss strategies to address these issues — standardized databases and representations, self-supervised learning, synthesis-aware generative models, and tighter AI–robotics integration — and outline opportunities where AI can accelerate green polymer chemistry, circular-economy polymers, and application-directed multi-property optimization. The review concludes by advocating for community efforts in data curation, open benchmarks, and interdisciplinary training to realize AI’s promise for fast, cost-effective polymer innovation.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Naringin: Chemical Attributes and Pharmacological Evidence
Naringin is a naturally occurring flavanone glycoside predominantly found in citrus fruits, especially Citrus paradisi (grapefruit), and has gained considerable scientific interest due to its broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Chemically, naringin consists of a flavanone nucleus conjugated with disaccharide moieties, conferring antioxidant and biological activity. Upon metabolism, naringin is converted into its aglycone naringenin, which plays a crucial role in mediating its therapeutic effects. Extensive preclinical studies have demonstrated that naringin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities through modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, apoptosis pathways, and cellular signaling cascades. However, its poor aqueous solubility and limited oral bioavailability pose significant challenges for clinical translation. Recent advances in formulation strategies, particularly nano-based delivery systems, have shown promise in overcoming these limitations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical properties, metabolism, and diverse pharmacological activities of naringin, along with current challenges and future perspectives for its therapeutic application.
Naringin, Flavonoid, Citrus bioactives, Pharmacological activities, Antioxidant
Therapeutic Potential of Berberine in Hypertension: A Narrative Review
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and a leading contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive drugs, blood pressure control remains suboptimal in many patients, prompting growing interest in complementary and plant-derived therapies. Berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from plants such as Coptis chinensis and Berberis species, has been used in traditional medicine for centuries and is now receiving increased scientific attention for its cardiovascular benefits. Experimental and clinical studies suggest that berberine may reduce blood pressure through multiple mechanisms, including improvement of endothelial function, activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), modulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This review summarizes and explains the current evidence on berberine and hypertension, with in-text citations and references presented according to APA style.
Berberine, Hypertension, Blood pressure, Endothelial dysfunction, AMPK, Complementary medicine
Development and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Gastroretentive Floating Microspheres Containing Hydroalcoholic Extract of Passiflora foetida Leaves
This study focuses on the development and evaluation of mucoadhesive gastroretentive floating microspheres encapsulating the hydroalcoholic extract of Passiflora foetida leaves, aiming to enhance its therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability for the treatment of gastric ailments. Passiflora foetida, a medicinal plant known for its antiulcer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, was extracted using a hydroalcoholic solvent system to preserve its bioactive constituents. The floating microspheres were prepared using the solvent evaporation technique with mucoadhesive polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium alginate, and chitosan to ensure prolonged gastric retention and controlled drug release. Characterization of the microspheres revealed spherical morphology with optimal particle size suitable for gastric retention. The formulation demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency and excellent buoyancy in simulated gastric fluid, remaining afloat for over 12 hours. In vitro release studies showed a sustained release profile, indicating controlled drug delivery potential. Further in vivo and clinical investigations are recommended to validate these findings and facilitate potential pharmaceutical applications.
Passiflora foetida, mucoadhesive microspheres, gastroretentive, floating system, hydroalcoholic extract, controlled release
Sumeet Dwivedi, Rajesh Kumar Chawla, Naresh Ambekar
Plants used by tribes of Rewa (Madhya Pradesh) in the treatment of liver disorders
Ethnomedicinal knowledge held by tribal communities in Rewa district (Vindhya region), Madhya Pradesh, includes a variety of plant remedies for liver-related ailments such as jaundice, hepatitis-like symptoms, abdominal pain associated with hepatic dysfunction, and other “liver troubles.” This review synthesizes published ethnobotanical surveys from Rewa and adjacent tribal areas to summarize commonly used species, modes of preparation, plant parts used, and the evidence base supporting their traditional hepatoprotective use. The review highlights 10 frequently cited taxa (including Ocimum canum, Phyllanthus spp., Boerhavia diffusa and others), summarizes preparation methods (decoctions, pastes, seeds/seed extracts), discusses methodological strengths and limitations of the primary surveys, and identifies priorities for pharmacological validation and conservation. Documentation and scientific validation of tribal remedies from Rewa may inform future hepatoprotective drug discovery and local healthcare support.
ethnomedicine; Rewa; liver disorders; jaundice; hepatoprotective; tribal medicinal plants
Novel Nanogel Formulation, Evaluation, and Applications: A Review
Nanogels — nanoscale, highly hydrated polymeric networks — combine the advantages of hydrogels (high water content, biocompatibility) and nanoparticles (tunable size, surface functionality) to form versatile carriers for drugs, biomacromolecules, genes and vaccines. Recent years have seen rapid innovation in materials, cross-linking chemistries, stimuli-responsive designs, and application-specific formulations (e.g., ocular, topical, wound, CNS, cancer). This review summarizes contemporary formulation approaches, critical physicochemical and biological evaluation methods, representative biomedical applications, and practical translational challenges (stability, scalability, regulatory hurdles). Emphasis is placed on “novel” aspects: green and bio-inspired chemistries, multifunctional stimuli-responsive nanogels, combination/theranostic systems, and strategies improving in vivo stability and targeting. Key gaps and future directions for clinical translation are highlighted.
Innovations in QSAR for Accelerated Development of Selective Anti-Breast Cancer Molecules
Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling remains a cornerstone of ligand-based drug design. Recent methodological innovations — including deep learning, graph neural networks, multi-task models, transfer learning, and integration with structure-based methods — have increased QSAR’s power to predict and prioritize anti-breast cancer compounds. This review synthesizes modern QSAR developments relevant to breast cancer drug discovery, examines datasets and validation best practices, highlights representative case studies where QSAR accelerated identification of selective inhibitors, and discusses persisting challenges and future directions. Key themes include descriptor design and representation learning, multi-target and context-aware models for tumor subtypes, interpretability and model uncertainty, and practical integration with ADMET prediction and experimental pipelines. (Keywords: QSAR, deep learning, breast cancer, 3D-QSAR, GNN, ADMET, ChEMBL).
Integrative Ethnopharmacology of Indian Medicinal Plants for Sickle Cell Disease Management: Bridging Tradition with Evidence-Based Medicine
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy characterized by polymerization of deoxygenated hemoglobin S (HbS), red blood cell (RBC) sickling, hemolysis, vaso-occlusion, and multi-organ complications. Conventional pharmacotherapy (e.g., hydroxyurea, L-glutamine, voxelotor) improves outcomes but remains costly, partially effective, and not universally available; moreover, many patients in low-resource settings rely on traditional medicine. Phytotherapeutic approaches — empirical herbal remedies and plant-derived bioactive compounds — have been studied for antisickling, antioxidant, membrane-stabilizing, and anti-inflammatory activities. India, with its rich ethnobotanical traditions, presents many candidate plants for SCD management. This review synthesizes current knowledge on Indian medicinal plants with reported anti-sickling or supportive activities, summarizes common experimental models and mechanisms, evaluates the quality of evidence, and outlines research priorities for translating ethnobotanical leads into safe, standardized, and evidence-based phytotherapeutics.
Sickle Cell Anemia, Medicinal Plants, Phytotherapy