A Review on Hepatitis B Vaccination

Abstract

The hepatitis B virus (HBV), which infects the liver and can induce cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer,is the cause of hepatitis B. HBV is a global public health concern that leads to significant morbidity and mortality. The most efficient, safest, and least expensive means of controlling and preventing hepatitis B are vaccinations. Global coverage of three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine increased to 85% in 2019from approximately 30% in 2000. The HBVcarrier rate and hepatitis B-related morbidity and mortality have significantly decreased as a result of the successful implementation of hepatitis B vaccination programs. The significant achievements of the first anticancer and virus-like particle-based vaccine, the hepatitis B vaccine, are summed up in this article. Furthermore, outstanding questions from the past and future perspectives on hepatitis B vaccination—which is necessary for the worldwide prevention of HBV infection—are examined.