International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences (IJPLS) ISSN: 0976-7126 Publisher: Sakun Publishing House The International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences (IJPLS) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to the dissemination of cutting-edge research in the fields of pharmacy, life sciences, and allied disciplines. The journal aims to provide a platform for the global scientific community to share innovative research, clinical studies, and technological advancements that contribute to the understanding and improvement of human health and well-being. Scope and Focus IJPLS covers a wide range of topics within the pharmaceutical and life sciences fields, including but not limited to: Pharmaceutical Sciences: Drug discovery, formulation development, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, toxicology, and pharmaceutical technology. Medicinal Chemistry: Molecular pharmacology, drug design, and bioinformatics. Clinical Pharmacy: Drug therapy management, clinical trials, patient safety, and therapeutic outcomes. Biotechnology: Applications of biotechnology in pharmaceuticals, drug production, and health solutions. Pharmacogenomics: Genetic factors in drug response, personalized medicine, and genomics. Pharmacovigilance: Adverse drug reactions, drug safety, and regulatory affairs. Life Sciences and Biotechnology: Molecular biology, biotechnology applications, and biopharmaceuticals. Public Health: Health policy, epidemiology, disease prevention, and public health initiatives. The journal welcomes original research articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, and letters to the editor that contribute to advancing knowledge in these areas. Mission and Vision Our mission is to foster the exchange of high-quality scientific knowledge in pharmacy and life sciences, and to promote collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and policymakers globally. We aim to: Advance Scientific Discovery: Publish original and groundbreaking research that drives advancements in pharmacy, life sciences, and health-related disciplines. Support Innovation and Education: Provide a forum for innovative solutions in pharmaceutical sciences and life sciences, while promoting education and awareness on emerging trends and technologies. Enhance Patient Care: Publish research that directly impacts patient care, pharmaceutical practice, and health outcomes. Global Collaboration: Foster a global platform for scientists and healthcare professionals to collaborate, share knowledge, and solve global health challenges. Editorial Standards and Peer Review IJPLS follows a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure that only high-quality, original research is published. All manuscripts are thoroughly reviewed by experts in the relevant fields before they are accepted for publication. Our editorial board comprises respected professionals and thought leaders from academia, industry, and clinical practice who ensure the integrity and scientific quality of each published article. Open Access Policy IJPLS is an open-access journal, meaning that all articles are freely available to researchers, clinicians, and the public worldwide. Our open-access policy ensures that valuable scientific knowledge is accessible to all, promoting wider dissemination and greater impact of the research. Ethics and Integrity The journal adheres to the highest ethical standards in the publication of scientific research. We are committed to promoting transparency, integrity, and honesty in the scientific community. We encourage authors to follow ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects and animals, and we uphold policies to prevent plagiarism, duplicate publication, and data fabrication. Why Publish with IJPLS? Global Visibility: As an open-access journal, IJPLS ensures that your research reaches a wide audience, increasing the impact and visibility of your work. Rigorous Peer Review: Every submitted manuscript undergoes a thorough peer review process by experts in the field to ensure the quality and reliability of the published research. Wide Coverage: We cover a broad spectrum of topics in pharmacy and life sciences, ensuring that researchers in a wide range of disciplines have a platform to share their findings. Professional Recognition: Publishing with IJPLS enhances your academic reputation and provides a professional recognition within the scientific community. Frequency and Access IJPLS is published Monthly, and all articles are freely available online upon publication. Authors and readers can access the journal’s content through the official website, ensuring global access to high-quality research. Publisher Information The International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences is published by Sakun Publishing House, a leading publisher in the field of scientific research, committed to the advancement of knowledge in pharmacy, life sciences, and related disciplines.
Plants used by tribes of Rewa (Madhya Pradesh) in the treatment of liver disorders
Ethnomedicinal knowledge held by tribal communities in Rewa district (Vindhya region), Madhya Pradesh, includes a variety of plant remedies for liver-related ailments such as jaundice, hepatitis-like symptoms, abdominal pain associated with hepatic dysfunction, and other “liver troubles.” This review synthesizes published ethnobotanical surveys from Rewa and adjacent tribal areas to summarize commonly used species, modes of preparation, plant parts used, and the evidence base supporting their traditional hepatoprotective use. The review highlights 10 frequently cited taxa (including Ocimum canum, Phyllanthus spp., Boerhavia diffusa and others), summarizes preparation methods (decoctions, pastes, seeds/seed extracts), discusses methodological strengths and limitations of the primary surveys, and identifies priorities for pharmacological validation and conservation. Documentation and scientific validation of tribal remedies from Rewa may inform future hepatoprotective drug discovery and local healthcare support.
ethnomedicine; Rewa; liver disorders; jaundice; hepatoprotective; tribal medicinal plants
Novel Nanogel Formulation, Evaluation, and Applications: A Review
Nanogels — nanoscale, highly hydrated polymeric networks — combine the advantages of hydrogels (high water content, biocompatibility) and nanoparticles (tunable size, surface functionality) to form versatile carriers for drugs, biomacromolecules, genes and vaccines. Recent years have seen rapid innovation in materials, cross-linking chemistries, stimuli-responsive designs, and application-specific formulations (e.g., ocular, topical, wound, CNS, cancer). This review summarizes contemporary formulation approaches, critical physicochemical and biological evaluation methods, representative biomedical applications, and practical translational challenges (stability, scalability, regulatory hurdles). Emphasis is placed on “novel” aspects: green and bio-inspired chemistries, multifunctional stimuli-responsive nanogels, combination/theranostic systems, and strategies improving in vivo stability and targeting. Key gaps and future directions for clinical translation are highlighted.
Innovations in QSAR for Accelerated Development of Selective Anti-Breast Cancer Molecules
Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling remains a cornerstone of ligand-based drug design. Recent methodological innovations — including deep learning, graph neural networks, multi-task models, transfer learning, and integration with structure-based methods — have increased QSAR’s power to predict and prioritize anti-breast cancer compounds. This review synthesizes modern QSAR developments relevant to breast cancer drug discovery, examines datasets and validation best practices, highlights representative case studies where QSAR accelerated identification of selective inhibitors, and discusses persisting challenges and future directions. Key themes include descriptor design and representation learning, multi-target and context-aware models for tumor subtypes, interpretability and model uncertainty, and practical integration with ADMET prediction and experimental pipelines. (Keywords: QSAR, deep learning, breast cancer, 3D-QSAR, GNN, ADMET, ChEMBL).
Integrative Ethnopharmacology of Indian Medicinal Plants for Sickle Cell Disease Management: Bridging Tradition with Evidence-Based Medicine
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy characterized by polymerization of deoxygenated hemoglobin S (HbS), red blood cell (RBC) sickling, hemolysis, vaso-occlusion, and multi-organ complications. Conventional pharmacotherapy (e.g., hydroxyurea, L-glutamine, voxelotor) improves outcomes but remains costly, partially effective, and not universally available; moreover, many patients in low-resource settings rely on traditional medicine. Phytotherapeutic approaches — empirical herbal remedies and plant-derived bioactive compounds — have been studied for antisickling, antioxidant, membrane-stabilizing, and anti-inflammatory activities. India, with its rich ethnobotanical traditions, presents many candidate plants for SCD management. This review synthesizes current knowledge on Indian medicinal plants with reported anti-sickling or supportive activities, summarizes common experimental models and mechanisms, evaluates the quality of evidence, and outlines research priorities for translating ethnobotanical leads into safe, standardized, and evidence-based phytotherapeutics.
Sickle Cell Anemia, Medicinal Plants, Phytotherapy
Neuropharmacological Studies on Anxiety-Reducing Effects of Sarcostemma acidum Aerial Parts
The present investigation was undertaken to comprehensively evaluate the anxiolytic potential of the aqueous extract prepared from the aerial parts of Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb.) Voigt, a traditionally utilized medicinal plant. In this study, Swiss albino adult mice were employed as experimental models to assess behavioral changes associated with anxiety-like conditions. The anxiolytic activity of the extract was determined primarily using the Light–Dark Box test, a widely accepted behavioral paradigm that measures the innate aversion of rodents to brightly illuminated areas. Additionally, motor coordination and possible neuromuscular impairment were evaluated through the Rota Rod test, ensuring that any observed anxiolytic response was not accompanied by sedative or muscle relaxant effects. The aqueous extract was administered orally at dose levels of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight and its efficacy was compared against the standard benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug, diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Behavioral observations revealed that treatment with the extract resulted in a significant and dose-dependent increase in the duration spent in the brightly illuminated compartment of the Light–Dark Box, along with an increased frequency of transitions between the two chambers. These effects suggest a reduction in anxiety-driven responses and improvements in exploratory behavior. The extract did not induce noticeable deficits in motor coordination, indicating that its anxiolytic action is likely independent of sedative effects. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that the aqueous aerial extract of Sarcostemma acidum exhibits promising anxiolytic properties and highlights its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing anxiety-related disorders.
Sarcostemma acidum, Diazepam, Anxiolytic Activity
1st INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROLE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN INNOVATION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND STARTUP (ICRDTIES) (HYBRID MODE)
AI- Powered Prescription processing: From Entry to Dispensing
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing multiple industries, including healthcare and pharmacy. Its integration across prescription processing and clinical decision-making enhances accuracy, safety, and efficiency. This review explores the role and benefits of AI in pharmacy practice, with a focus on prescription processing, dispensing, ADR prediction, and EHR integration. A comprehensive literature review was conducted on the applications, benefits, and challenges of AI in pharmacy using peer-reviewed journals and clinical case examples. AI has demonstrated significant contributions in ADR detection, clinical decision support systems, CPOE, drug-drug interaction prediction, and dispensing automation. Improved patient safety, efficiency, and regulatory compliance are major outcomes. Incorporating AI into pharmacy practice provides a transformative opportunity for better patient care. Pharmacy education and policies must adapt to facilitate its ethical and effective implementation. AI has made great strides in the healthcare industry, playing important roles in the management and storage of data and information, including patient medical histories, medication inventories, sale records, and so forth; automated equipment; software and computer applications, including diagnostic tools like CT and MRI radiation technology, and many more, have all been developed to support and streamline healthcare procedures. Healthcare has undoubtedly been transformed by AI to become more effective and efficient, and the pharmacy industry is not an exception. Drug development, dosage form design, polypharmacology, and hospital pharmacy are just a few of the significant pharmacy domains that have seen a significant increase in interest in the application of AI technology in recent years. Because AI is becoming more and more important, we decided to write a thorough report that would help all practicing pharmacists grasp the major advancements made possible by the use of this subject.
Artificial intelligence, pharmacy, pharmacist, polypharmacology, technology
Evaluation of Anti-ulcer Activity in Various Extracts of Crateva religiosa using Acetic acid induced Ulcer Model
Crateva religiosa is the most widely cultivated species in Northwestern India, is the sole genus in the family Capparacea.. It comprises 10 species from tropical and subtropical climates, ranging in size from tiny herbs to massive trees. The most widely cultivated species is Crateva religiosa (CR ) The most used parts of the plant are rich in polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. The high number of bioactive compounds might explain the pharmacological properties. Many studies, in-vitro and in-vivo, have confirmed these pharmacological properties. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate anti-ulcer activity of various extract of the plant parts using acetic acid induced ulcer models.
Crateva religiosa (CR) Anti-ulcer activity, acetic acid induced ulcer
In Silico Molecular Docking of Bioactive Molecules: An Overview
Computational approaches have become indispensable in modern drug discovery and development. Among them, in silico molecular docking serves as a vital tool for predicting the binding affinity, orientation, and interactions of bioactive molecules within the active site of biological targets. Docking helps understand structure–activity relationships (SARs), guides lead optimization, and reduces experimental costs by prioritizing promising compounds before synthesis and biological evaluation. This review provides an overview of molecular docking theory, types of docking algorithms, commonly used software, validation parameters, and examples of applications in studying bioactive natural products and synthetic molecules. The integration of docking with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling, and in vitro assays is also discussed. Challenges such as receptor flexibility, scoring inaccuracies, and water-mediated interactions are considered, along with emerging advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning-based docking algorithms. Overall, in silico molecular docking remains a cornerstone computational method for rational drug design and bioactivity prediction of natural and synthetic molecules.
molecular docking, bioactive molecules, computational chemistry, structure–activity relationship, drug discovery, in silico modeling
Digital Therapeutics: regulatory Challenges for AI-based Healthcare Solutions
Modern healthcare is changing as a result of the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into digital treatments, which provide evidence-based, scalable and customized software based interventions. These AI-powered technologies have enormous promise for improving patient adherence, controlling chronic illnesses, and providing immediate clinical assistance. But because they are developing faster than current regulatory frameworks, there is a serious supervision, validation, and accountability vacuum. This review examines the intricate regulatory concerns surrounding AI-based digital therapies, such as those pertaining to data protection, real-world proof requirements, algorithm transparency, and software categorization. It also looks at how inconsistent regulatory requirements are throughout the world and how hard it is to stay up with AI systems that are flexible and always learning from fresh data. This article emphasizes the essential need for a unified and flexible regulatory environment that strikes a balance between innovation, patient safety and ethical responsibility through a multidisciplinary perspective. The information offered is intended to help developers, regulators and healthcare stakeholders create governance frameworks that can facilitate the safe and efficient application of AI in therapeutic contexts.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), digital, regulatory, real-world, therapeutic.
Gourav Gupta, Akanksha Dwivedi*, G.N. Darwhekar
Pharmacological Treatment and Emerging Therapies on Hyperlipidemia
Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and apolipoprotein C-III (Apo C-III) and their functions in cardiovascular health and lipid metabolism. The liver's production of Apo C-III prevents triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from breaking down, which raises triglyceride levels and raises the risk of cardiovascular disease. Those who have mutations that cause the APOC3 gene to malfunction have much lower triglyceride levels and a lower chance of developing ischemic heart disease. In an effort to mimic the protective effects observed in APOC3 deficiency, treatments that target Apo C-III, such as plozasiran, olezarsen, and volanesorsen, have been developed. As a therapeutic target, ANGPTL3 has also been identified, and evinacumab, a monoclonal antibody, is currently being used in clinical settings. To completely comprehend the effectiveness and safety of these novel treatments, further extensive long-term research is necessary.
Liver, Cardiovascular disease, Hyperlipidemia
Ishika Panchal*, Gaurav Goyanar, Nirmal Dongre
Indigeneous ayurvedic knowledge of some species in the treatment of human disease and disorders
Medicinal plants have always been the principle sources of medicine in India. Since ancient past and presently they are becoming popular. Various system of medicine including Ayurveda reveals the uses of several herbs in the treatment of human ailments. There has been a rapid extension of allopathic system of medical treatment in our country during the past century and due to severe and high adverse effects the knowledge of traditional medicine came into light with ancient experiences. The present paper emphasis the indigeneous ayurvedic knowledge of 80 species belonging to different families used in the treatment of various human disease and disorders.
Arthritis an autoimmune disorder: Demonstration of In-vivo anti-arthritic activity
In the normal knee joint, the synovium consists of a synovial membrane (usually one or two cells thick) and underlying loose connective tissue. Synovial-lining cells are designated type a (macrophage-like synoviocytes) or type B (fibroblast-like synoviocytes). Arthritis is an auto immune disorder characterized by pain, swelling and stiffness. Its prevalence depends upon age. It occurs more frequently in women than in men. It is an inflammation of synovial joint due to immuno mediated response. All anti inflammatory drugs are not anti arthritic because it does not suppress T-cell and B-cell mediated response. For evaluation of anti arthritic drugs inflammation and T-cell and B-cell mediated response by including foreign antigen should be suppressed. The high incidences of anti-CII antibodies and CII-specific T cells indicate that CII is one of the major auto antigens of human RA. In this way, the higher prevalences of CII-specific antibodies and T cells noted during the early phase of RA indicate that CII-specific immunity plays an important role in the initiation of inflammation in the articular joints. So, collagen type-II is best model for evaluation of anti-arthritic drugs compare to other models.
Arthritis, synovial joint, synoviocytes, auto antigens
Anthelmintic activity of polyherbal preparation
The present study was done with the aim to investigate the anthelmintic activity of different herbs in polyherbal combination. The aqueous and ethanolic extract of the different concentration were tested which involve determination of paralysis time and time to kill the worms. Piperazine citrate was used as standard and it was found that the PHF ethanolic extract activity is higher than PHF aqueous extract.
Anthelmintic activity, piperazine citrate, herbs
Effects of Asparagus racemosus, (shatavari) on mounting behaviour of male rats
Shatavari, (Asparagus racemosus), belonging to family Liliaceae is a climbing plant which grows in low jungles areas throughout India. It is useful for infertility, decreased libido, threatened miscarriage, menopause and leucorrhea and has the ability to balance pH in the cervical area. The present paper deals with the mounting behavior of satavari in male fats and found profound results.
Shatavari, mounting behaviour, aphrodiasiac agents
Mishra Vinay Kumar*, Sheikh Saima, Agnihotri Vineet and Chourey Nitin
Aromatherapy a holistic cure: Current approaches and future concerns
Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine that uses volatile liquid plant materials, known as essential oils and other aromatic compounds from plants for the purpose of affecting a person's mood or health. Essential oils differ in chemical composition from other herbal products because the distillation process only recovers the lighter phytomolecules. For this reason essential oils are rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, as well as other VOC substances (esters, aromatic compounds, non-terpene hydrocarbons, some organic sulfides etc.). The present paper enumerates the various aspects of aromatherapy.
Abhishek Dwivedi, Mishra Rahul and Mohit Chaturvedi
Herbal medicine as antipyretic: A comprehessive review
The role of traditional medicines in the solution of health problems is invaluable on a global level. As estimated by WHO, 80% population of underdeveloped countries rely on traditional system of medicine. A large number of ethnic plants such as chirchitta, bhringraj, bija sal, arjuna, neem, tulsi etc. are used traditionally to cure pyrexia in India and other parts of the world. Plant based drugs are used as therapeutic agents or their chief constituent separated by chemical processes which are employed as medicines. Traditional use of herbal medicine is very basic and integral part of various cultures and spread of modern science. The practice continues today because of biomedical benefits in many parts of the world and demand for herbal product rising world wide.
Pyrexia, antipyretic, herbal drugs, fever
Sharma J.P.*, Srivastava.A., Thakur S.P., Barpete P. K. and Singh S.
Incretins a hormones increase insulin secretion and useful in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetics
The incretins are hormones that work to increase insulin secretion. The incretin concept was developed when it was observed that there is substantially more insulin secreted in response to oral glucose versus intravenous glucose, as shown in the graph at right. It was hypothesized that glucose in the digestive tract activated a feed forward mechanism that increased insulin secretion, anticipating the rise in blood glucose that would occur following absorption of ingested carbohydrates. Defective incretin action in T2DM. Some type 2 diabetics show deficient insulin secretion in response to meals. This may be due to a lack of an effect of incretins. Studies have shown that in type 2 diabetics, there is less GLP-1 secretion, and beta cells are less responsive to GIP.
Incretins, GLP-1, type 2 diabetics, intravenous glucose
Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of the plant fruit of Terminalia belerica Roxb.
India is sitting on a gold mine of well-recorded and traditionally well-practised knowledge of herbal medicine. There are very few medicinal herbs of commercial importance which are not found in this country. India officially recognizes over 3000 plants for their medicinal value. The present paper enumerates the phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of Terminalia bellerica. Attempt was made to isolate and characterized ellagic acid on the basis of IR and GCMS studies.
Terminalia bellerica, ellagic acid, anticancer activity
Kumudhavalli M. V.*, Vyas Mohit and Jayakar B.
The International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences (IJPLS) is the online peer-reviewed monthly international journal launching on May 2010.
Comparative pharmacognostical evaluation of honey of marketed products
Honey gets its sweetness from the monosaccharide fructose and glucose and has approximately the same relative sweetness as that of granulated sugar (74% of the sweetness of sucrose, a disaccharide). It has attractive chemical properties for baking, and a distinctive flavor which leads some people to prefer it over sugar and other sweeteners. The present paper deals with the pharmacognostical evaluation of honey of marketed products.
Simultaneous estimation of ezetimibe and simvastatin by vierodt’s method
A simple, fast, and precise simultaneous spectrometric method for the estimation of Ezetimibe and Simvastatin in API and in synthetic mixture was developed. The proposed method is based on the formation and solving of simultaneous equations using 230 and 247.6nm as two analytical wavelength. Ezetimibe shows absortion maximum at 230nm and simvastatin shows absorbance at 247.6 nm in methanol. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 2-20µg/ml for Ezetimibe and 2-16 µg/ml for simvastatin. The molar absorptivity and sandell’s sensitivity were found to be 1.703 x104 and 2.4 x 10-2 respectively for Ezetimibe and for simvastatin 2.23 x 104and 1.87 x 10-2 respectively. The method allow rapid analysis of binary pharmaceutical formulation with accuracy. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method. The developed method was found to be very precise as % C.V calculated came out to be less than 2%.
Ezetimibe, simvastatin, simultaneous spectrometric analysis, method validation
Srivastava B., Akhtar J. and Baghel U.S.
Hepatoprotective activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of leaves of Anisochilus carnosus (Linn.)Wall
The aim of the research is to find out new hepato-protective drug from indigenous plant which are potent and non-toxic or minimal toxic and to investigate the hepato-protective activity of alcoholic and aqueous extract of leaves of Anisochilus Carnosus (L )Wall against Rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity. Leaf powder of Anisochilus Carnosus (L) Wall was successively extracted with petroleum ether, alcohol and aqueous. Preliminary phytochemical tests were done and the LD50 values for both aqueous and alcohol extract determined. The hepatoprotective activity of the alcoholic extract (400 mg/kg P.O.) and aqueous extract (400mg/kg P.O.) were assessed in Rifampicin induced hepato toxicity in rats
Leaf extract, hepatoprotective activity, rifampicin
grawal Sorabh Kumar, Samanta K.C. and Chipa R. C.
Dendrimers: As a potential carrier for medicaments
The objective of nanomedicine is to control and manipulate biomacromolecular constructs and supramolecular assemblies that are critical to living cells in order to improve the quality of human health. So, nanostructured carrier was developed which have high level of control possible over the architectural design of dendrimers; their size, shape, branching length/density, and their surface functionality, clearly distinguishes these structures as unique and optimum carriers in those applications. Dendrimers are currently attracting the interest of a great number of scientists because of their unusual chemical and physical properties and the wide range of potential application in such different fields as medicine, biology, chemistry, physics and engineering.
Dendrimers, Structure, Synthesis, Characterization, Application
Evaluation of tissue level antioxidant activity of Premna serratifolia leaf in paracetamol intoxicated wistar albino rats
Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Premna serratifolia Leaf was determined in Paracetamol intoxicated Wistar albino rats. The experiment was comprised of five groups as Healthy control group, Disease control (paracetamol treated), Positive control group (paracetamol+ silymarin), Treatment groups (test drug + paracetamol) lower dose (100mg/kg b.wt.) and higher dose (200mg/kg b.wt.), having six animals in each group. The animals were maintained in the standard laboratory conditions and the test extract was administered p.o. The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase were evaluated in the blood samples and as well as in the isolated tissue samples of liver, kidney and heart. The disease control group showed decreased status of antioxidant enzymes in blood and tissue samples. But the elevated levels of SOD, catalase, glutathione were observed significantly (*p<0.05, *p<0.01) in liver, kidney and heart tissue samples and blood samples of the extract administered groups. The activity was found to be dose dependent. The overall efficacy of the extract is comparable with the standard drug silymarin. The study revealed that the methanolic extract of Premna serratifolia was found to have potential antioxidant activity in the animal model system. The further research on characterization of functional molecules has to be initiated.
Premna serratifolia, Paracetamol, Antioxidant enzymes, SOD, catalase
Thamizh Selvam. N. Vengatakrishnan. V. Damodar Kumar. S. Murugesan. S.
RP-HPLC simultaneous estimation of metronidazole and diloxanide furoate in combination
A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of diloxanide furoate and metronidazole in formulation. The separation was achieved by octadecyl C8 column and a mixture of methanol: acetonitrite: 0.05M phosphate buffer at pH 4.0 (45:25:30 v/v) as eluent, at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. detection was carried out at 277 nm. Quantitation was done by external standard method. The retention time of metronidazole and diloxanide furoate was found to be 3.28 and 6.42 min, respectively. The method has validated for linearity, accuracy and precision. Linearity of metronidazole and diloxanide furoate were in the range of 5-50 µg/ml for both the drugs The mean recoveries obtained for metronidazole and diloxanide furoate were100.01% and 99.71%, respectively. The developed method was found to be accurate, precise, selective and rapid for the simultaneous estimation of metronidazole and diloxanide furoate in tablet.
RP-HPLC, metronidazole, diloxanide furoate, simultaneous estimation
Danao K.R. Hiradeve S.M. Moon R.S., Kasture A.V. Yeole P.G.
Anti-microbial studies of aqueous, methanolic and saponins extract of leaf of Ziziphus mauritiana on human vaginal pathogens causing UTI infection
Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves extract of Zizyphus mauritiana revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins. The aqueous, methanolic and saponin extracts of Zizyphus mauritiana leafs has been screened for antimicrobial activities against some human vaginal pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus facecalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter faecalis, Enterobacter faecium and Proteus mirabilis isolated from patient samples. Extracts were found to produce significant inhibition against all the pathogens. Saponin extract were observed to be more active than methanolic and aqueous fraction. Extracts are found to be more active against Enterobacter faecalis, Enterobacter faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Ziziphus Species, Human Vaginal Pathogens, Saponin
Dubey Raghvendra, Dubey Kushagra, Janapati Yasodha Krishna, Sridhar C. 4and Jayaveera K.N.
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. Approximately 8 million women and 2 million men in the United States have osteoporosis, and 34 million persons have osteopenia. Primary osteoporosis is the result of bone loss related to the decline in gonadal function associated with aging. Secondary osteoporosis may result from chronic diseases, exposures, or nutritional deficiencies that adversely impact bone metabolism. Various factors are known to influence bone mass accumulation during growth which include genetic factors, endocrine factors (sex steroids, calcitriol, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)), mechanical forces (physical activity, body weight). The ideal screening method to characterize bone status would include parameters of bone density, bone microarchitecture, markers of bone formation and marks of bone resorption. The favored methods of bone evaluation are DEXA, CXD and one another low cost method of screening in which skin fold thickness (SFT) is measured over the fourth metacarpus with Holtain Tanner Whitehouse calipers. Non pharmacological and pharmacological treatment may improve the bone loss in osteoporosis. The biological and biomechanical characteristics of orthopaedic implants, bone-graft substitutes (with or without osteogenic bone morphogenetic proteins) can be tested on large numbers of animals maintained with a level of experimental control, impossible in human clinical research. Various animal models mainly used for osteoporosis are immobilized rat model, nonhuman primate ovariectomized model the ovariectomized mouse model, the senescence accelerated mouse (SAM/P6) model, the mouse glucocorticoid treated model.
Osteoporosis, Microarchitecture, Osteoporotic models
Deepika, Yadav Shiv Kumar,Jain Akash and Kumar Ashok
Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of methanolic extract of Grewia tiliaefolia (Vahl) bark in different cancer cell lines
The importance of botanical, chemical, pharmacological evaluation of plant-derived agents used in the treatment of human ailments has been increasingly recognized in the last decades. Plants continue to be an important source of new drugs even today. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and tumour cell suppression potential of methanolic extract of Grewia tiliaefolia bark in the in vitro model system. The different radical systems comprising of superoxide radical (O2.-), hydroxyl radical (OH.) and nitric oxide radical (NO.) systems were studied against different concentration of G. tiliaefolia extract. The percentage of radical inhibition and IC50 (concentration of extract required to inhibit 50% radicals) were calculated. The study showed that the methanolic extract was found to have potential antioxidant activity in the in vitro model system. The tumour cell suppression or antiproliferative activity was demonstrated in three different cancer cell lines i.e., MCF7 (breast cancer cell line), HepG2 (hepatocancer cell line) and A549 (lung cancer cell line). The Sulphorhodamine B (SRB assay) method was adopted for evaluating the tumour cell suppression activity. The Growth inhibition of 50% (GI50), Total Growth Inhibition (TGI) and lethal concentration 50% (LC50) of G. tiliaefolia extract were evaluated against all the three cancer cell lines. The study proved that the methanolic extract was found to have potential tumour cell suppression activity in the selected in vitro cell culture system. The efficacy of the extract was highest against MCF7 cells and then followed by HepG2 cells and A549 cells. The further study has to be focused for understanding the molecular level mode of action of test extract.
antioxidant activity, free radicals, cancer, antiproliferative activity, tumour cells.
Selvam N. Thamizh, Vengatakrishnan V. Murugesan S. Kumar S. Damodar
Hepato-protective activity of Enicostemma axillare in paracetamol induced hepato-toxicity in albino rats
The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepato-protective activity of water extract of aerial parts of Enicostemma axillare in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Silymarin (200mg/kg) was given as reference standard. The water extract of arial parts of Enicostemma axillare have shown very significant hepatoprotection against paracetamol -induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats in reducing serum total bilirubin, SALP, SGPT , SGOT levels and liver homogenates LPO, SOD, CAT, GPX, GST and GSH levels.
Enicostemma axillare, hepatotoxicity, paracetamol and Silymarin
Gite V.N.*, Pokharkar R.D., Chopade V.V. , Takate S.B.